How unsolicited proposals for public projects are handled
When a company proposes a public project itself: the laws, review steps, competitive tests and published cases, country by country, from statutes and PPP units, dated. Updated 20 October 2026.
Explainers
- The bonus system and best and final offer methods explained
How the bid bonus and best and final offer (BAFO) methods reward the original proponent of an unsolicited proposal, with rules from Chile, Korea and more.
- The Swiss challenge explained
How the Swiss challenge works, what the 2017 World Bank guidelines say about it, and the rules in the Philippines, Andhra Pradesh and Nigeria.
- Unsolicited proposals explained
What an unsolicited proposal is, what the 2017 World Bank and PPIAF guidelines say, and the three ways governments add competition to one.
- World Bank and PPIAF guidance on unsolicited proposals
World Bank and PPIAF guidance on unsolicited infrastructure proposals: risks, review phases, fees, disclosure and competition methods.
Countries
- Bangladesh: unsolicited PPP proposals
Bangladesh's Guidelines for Unsolicited Proposals, 2018: concept note, CCEA in-principle approval, the 7 per cent bonus and the move to Invest Bangladesh.
- Ghana: unsolicited PPP proposals
Ghana's PPP Act 2020 (Act 1039) rules for unsolicited proposals: conditions, PPP Office registration, the right to match, the 2 per cent fee and approvals.
- Kenya: privately initiated PPP proposals
Kenya's PPP Act 2021 rules for privately initiated proposals: the review fee, the PPP Directorate and Committee, deadlines and published decisions.
- Nigeria: unsolicited PPP proposals and the ICRC
Nigeria's ICRC rules for unsolicited PPP proposals: the proposal fee, project bond, compliance certificates, Swiss challenge and approval thresholds.
- Philippines: unsolicited PPP proposals
Unsolicited PPP proposals in the Philippines: the BOT Law, the 2022 implementing rules, the PPP Code of 2023, the PPP Center and the Swiss challenge.
- Private initiatives under Chile's public works concessions law
How Chile handles private concession proposals: the two stages, deadlines, guarantees, the 3, 6 or 8 percent bid premium and study cost reimbursement.
- Tanzania: unsolicited PPP proposals
Tanzania's PPP Act, Cap. 103 and PPP Regulations rules for unsolicited proposals: review fee, PPP Centre deadlines, the ten-point bonus and exemptions.
- Uganda: unsolicited PPP proposals
Uganda's PPP Act 2015 rules for unsolicited proposals: section 34 conditions, the PPP Committee and Unit, competitive bidding and proponent compensation.
- Unsolicited PPP proposals in Rwanda under Law No. 14/2016
When Rwanda's PPP law allows unsolicited proposals, the steps from preliminary review to signing, and the roles of the Steering Committee and RDB.
- Unsolicited PPP proposals in South Africa under Treasury Regulation 16
How South Africa's amended Treasury Regulation 16 treats unsolicited PPP proposals: who may submit, review fees, prequalification and the development fee.
- Unsolicited PPP proposals in Zambia under the PPP Act, 2023
How Zambia's Public-Private Partnership Act, 2023 handles unsolicited proposals: the fee, the 14-day evaluation, Council approval and competitive bidding.
- Unsolicited proposals and the Swiss challenge in India
How India treats unsolicited infrastructure proposals: World Bank findings, the Andhra Pradesh Act, Meghalaya's 2020 rules and Supreme Court rulings.
Unsolicited Proposals is a public-interest reference site. It is not a government website. Our methodology page explains how we check every figure.